July 08, 2015
Spider photographer and collector’s legacy lives on
April 13, 2015
So this spider walks into a pine cone...
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| Euryopis formosa spider in pine cone, July 10, 2011, Thunder Lake, Yakima County, Washington. Photo: Laurel Ramseyer. |
It was difficult to collect spiders with the wind blowing away anything loose and exposed. I did manage to sift nine spider species from hawthorn leaf litter, but only swept six species from the rippling sea of grass. Laurel had similar troubles.
Then Laurel saw a spider run into a large fallen pine cone (probably to get out of the wind), so she picked up the pine cone and started to whack it inside her net in an attempt to collect the spider. It worked! We were in a Ponderosa pine woodland with a lot of pine cones so she continued whacking more cones and eventually added three good species to that site's spider list.
This small beginning led to a major obsession for Laurel and she began using this method at other sites. To date she has whacked nearly 7,000 pine cones inside a heavy-duty net held against her leg, looking for the pine cone spider fauna that she, in a sense, discovered. Laurel (with a little help from me) collected 1,060 spiders from 4,600 eastern Washington pine cones between 2008 and 2013. I identified the spiders and added them to the Burke's collection.
| Laurel sorting a pine cone beat sample, May 18, 2011, Moloy Road on Wenas Creek, Yakima County, Washington. Photo: Rod Crawford. |
As it turns out, no spider species were previously recorded as collected from pine cones. Discovering a new spider species is relatively common, but discovering a whole new spider habitat—that's really something!
Some spiders evidently live in pine cones long-term, while others just use them to molt, lay eggs and rest when not out hunting. Or they wander in at random like that first one Laurel saw back at Swauk Prairie.
| Euryopis formosa spider on pine cone scale, June 4, 2011, Teanaway Campground, Kittitas County, Washington. Photo: Laurel Ramseyer. |
The spider we most commonly found in Washington pine cones was Euryopis formosa, a beautiful creature with a dark heart shape inside a bright silver patch on the abdomen. Sampling pine cones more than quadrupled the number of E. formosa specimens in the Burke spider collection—it was found at 47% of sampling sites!
This was the first study to describe the spider fauna of fallen pine cones and now there are 89 species recorded in our published paper, including two species never found in Washington state before.
Spiders are everywhere—even in pine cones!
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| Pine cone with spider web, June 22, 2011, Thirteenmile Creek, Ferry County, Washington. Photo: Laurel Ramseyer. |
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To learn which spider species use fallen pine cones, read our study published in Western North American Naturalist (PDF).
Interested in more about arachnids? Read other Burke blog posts by Rod or check out Rod's Spider Myths website for myths, misconceptions, and superstitions about spiders.
October 01, 2010
Q: Are there more big spiders now than usual?
Q: Are there more big spiders now than usual? I seem to be constantly running into webs on my outdoor walks.
A: (From Rod Crawford, curator of arachnids at the Burke Museum)
The spiders you're "running into" are mainly one species of non-native orbweaver: the "cross orbweaver" Araneus diadematus, which is native to Europe (first record of a cross orbweaver in Washington is 1927). Orbweavers are the spiders that make orb webs, and are the only spiders that do so. They are not dangerous to humans. The population dynamics of this one species are far from typical of all spiders. The vast majority of spiders actually "lay low" in August and September because of low moisture availability in their habitats.
So, are cross orbweavers more abundant this year than usual? Well, I've been working on spiders at the Burke Museum for 39 years now... and every single year I've had someone ask that question! They can't be more numerous every year than every other year, but populations do have ups and downs within individual neighborhoods. Beyond that, I think the biggest factor is that once your eyes begin to notice spiders (which are always common), you're naturally going to notice them everywhere.
To find the answers to more frequently asked questions about spiders, visit our Spider Myths website.
September 09, 2010
Q: How dangerous are spiders to humans? Should I be scared about the spiders in my house?
Q: How dangerous are spiders to humans? Should I be scared of the spiders in my house?
A: House spiders prey on insects and other small creatures. They are not bloodsuckers and have no reason to bite a human or any other animal too large for them to eat. In any interaction between spiders and larger creatures like humans, the spiders are typically the ones to suffer.
Although almost all spiders are venomous, very, very few spider species have venom that can harm humans, dogs, or cats. The purpose of spider venom is to subdue the spider's prey, almost always insects. In brief, it's an insecticide. Spider venom does not exist to harm creatures, like humans, which are too large for spiders to eat, and in nearly all cases has little if any effect on humans.

A minority of spider species have venom that can cause localized pain in humans, like the venom of bees or wasps. Of around 50,000 spider species known, only about 25have venom capable of causing illness to humans. These species are called "medically significant" spiders. In most parts of the world, such as the Puget Sound area, no spiders with medically significant venom have much chance of being found in houses.
To find the answers to more frequently asked questions about spiders, visit our Spider Myths website.
October 27, 2008
Check out photos from Bug Blast
June 19, 2007
Field Work Doesn’t Always Work Out as Planned
Spider curator Rod Crawford shares the ups and downs of one of his latest field adventures... My most ambitious (and, with the price of gas, expensive) spider collecting field trip of the year was to be a Memorial Day Weekend expedition to northeast Washington, in collaboration with Larry McTigue, an old friend from my caving days who wanted to hunt for new caves in the limestone deposits. The plan was to start in southern
Photo: Female Evarcha proszynskii from Wolfe Camp Road by Rod Crawford
May 02, 2007
Spider collecting trip
Burke spider curator (and author of Spider Myths!) Rod Crawford takes us along on a recent spider collecting trip…
list Laurel Ramseyer (recently arrived from Michigan via Massachusetts) wanted to find out what spider collecting was like. Our first joint site was
The little tree clump (isolated among miles of sagebrush) that I'd found on aerial photos turned out to be Laurel spotted the best spider of the day, Misumenops importunus (one of the flower crab spiders) lying in wait for pollinators among the flowers on a gooseberry bush. It was the first record of the species from eastern Washington! Laurel was most impressed by a large male jumping spider, Phidippus johnsonii, with a bright red abdomen, but he could see her coming and refused to be collected. I later found one in a retreat under a board at dusk.

The only humans we saw all day were two young ladies ascending the canyon on muleback and horseback. The natural flora and fauna of the canyon (the latter including many bees, bee flies, and beetles) all contributed to a most satisfying day. And our collections (including three species brought back alive for rearing) filled in yet another of the many blanks on the Washington spider distribution maps.
Of course, immersion in nature means encounters with not only herbivores and predators, but also parasites - cattle ticks were more common than some people would have found quite comfortable. But the true naturalist can't let such small things detract from fullest enjoyment of the first spring field trip!
More photos and other details on this trip can be seen on this album page from the Spider Collector's Journal site.
Photos, from top to bottom:
Stone Quarry, photo by R. Crawford
Phidippus johnsonii, male, photo by R. Crawford
Misumeops lepidus on a balsamroot flower, ready to embrace a bee, photo by L. Ramseyer


